Montenegro's police forces employ a range of techniques to prevent, enforce and investigate SALW, CA and explosives misuse, as well as to strengthen their control. One of the underutilized techniques is the use of police canine assets (K9), whose appropriate and timely deployment can be decisive.  Montenegrin police have two units capable of deploying K9 for a wide range of search and detection tasks, including tracking and tracing of explosives, narcotics, and banknotes. Through two separate assessments, the OSCE ascertained that the use of K9 resources in policing practices is established through law, basic procedure, elementary administrative instruction, and outdated regulation. At present, the management and deployment of the current K9 assets does not, at all, support the goals of detecting SALW, and CA, while there is very limited capability for the detection of explosives. 

Montenegro permits permanent SALW deactivation, aiming to reduce the number of functional small arms in civilian possession. The challenges in persuading civilian owners to deactivate their firearms are discussed, along with suggestions for cost models. The authorization of state facilities and private entities for deactivation is also outlined, although currently, only one private entity meets the required competency standards. However, Montenegro lacks a specific marking scheme for deactivated firearms and would benefit from comprehensive training programs addressing the strategic role of deactivation in curbing illegal firearm possession. Recommendations include aligning the Law on Arms with the amended European Firearms Directive, adopting European Regulation standards for technical requirements and marking, ensuring verifier independence, and developing a proactive approach to firearm deactivation. Moreover, establishing a self-funded model for deactivation, amending regulations to reflect EU standards, and appointing a special Commission for oversight are proposed actions. Additionally, regulations governing firearm production, upgrade, repair, marking, and deactivation are deemed necessary, with technical support and constant oversight required once regulations are adopted.

This project will contribute to countering the diversion of SALW and SCA into criminal- and terrorist groups both within the country as well as across the borders, through various activities aimed at strengthening the institutions sustainably and comprehensively. Ultimately, this will enhance security not only in Montenegro but across the entire OSCE region.